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Substances Prohibited In Particular Sports

If a Substance or Method is not defined in this list, please verify with your Anti-Doping Organization.

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Substances prohibited in particular sports

  • P1. Alcohol

  • Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited In-Competition only, in the following sports. Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or blood. The doping violation threshold (haematological values) is 0.10 g/L.
    • Aeronautic (FAI)
    • Archery (FITA)
    • Automobile (FIA)
    • Karate (WKF)
    • Motorcycling (FIM)
    • Powerboating (UIM)

  • P2. Beta-Blockers

  • Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited In-Competition only, in the following sports.
    • Archery (FITA) (also prohibited Out-of-Competition)
    • Automobile (FIA)
    • Billiards (all disciplines) (WCBS)
    • Darts (WDF)
    • Golf (IGF)
    • Shooting (ISSF, IPC) (also prohibited Out-of-Competition)
    • Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe and snowboard halfpipe/big air

    Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:

    • acebutolol
    • alprenolol
    • atenolol
    • betaxolol
    • bisoprolol
    • bunolol
    • carteolol
    • carvedilol
    • celiprolol
    • esmolol
    • labetalol
    • levobunolol
    • metipranolol
    • metoprolol
    • nadolol
    • oxprenolol
    • pindolol
    • propranolol
    • sotalol
    • timolol.

Substances prohibited at all times

  • S0. Non-Approved Substances

  • Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited.

  • S1. Anabolic Agents

  • Anabolic agents are prohibited.

    1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

    a. Exogenous* AAS, including:

    • 1-androstenediol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol)
    • 1-androstenedione (5α-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione)
    • bolandiol (estr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol)
    • bolasterone
    • boldenone
    • boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione)
    • calusterone
    • clostebol
    • danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4',5':2,3]pregna-4-en-20-yn-17α-ol)
    • dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
    • desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol)
    • drostanolone
    • ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol)
    • fluoxymesterone
    • formebolone
    • furazabol (17α-methyl[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3',4':2,3]-5α-androstan-17β-ol)
    • gestrinone
    • 4-hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one)
    • mestanolone
    • mesterolone
    • metenolone
    • methandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
    • methandriol
    • methasterone (17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstan-3-one)
    • methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9-dien-3-one)
    • methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-1-en-3-one)
    • methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one)
    • methyltestosterone
    • metribolone (methyltrienolone, 17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
    • mibolerone
    • nandrolone
    • 19-norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione)
    • norboletone
    • norclostebol
    • norethandrolone
    • oxabolone
    • oxandrolone
    • oxymesterone
    • oxymetholone
    • prostanozol (17β-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1'H-pyrazolo[3,4:2,3]-5α-androstane)
    • quinbolone
    • stanozolol
    • stenbolone
    • 1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one)
    • tetrahydrogestrinone (17-hydroxy-18a-homo-19-nor-17α-pregna-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
    • trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
    • and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).

    b. Endogenous** AAS when administered exogenously:

    • androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol)
    • androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione)
    • dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one)
    • prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA, 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one)
    • testosterone
    and their metabolites and isomers, including but not limited to:
    • 5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol
    • 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol
    • 5α-androstane-3β,17α-diol
    • 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol
    • androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol
    • androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol
    • androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol
    • androst-5-ene-3α,17α-diol
    • androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol
    • androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol
    • 4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol)
    • 5-androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione)
    • epi-dihydrotestosterone
    • epitestosterone
    • etiocholanolone
    • 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one
    • 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one
    • 7α-hydroxy-DHEA
    • 7β-hydroxy-DHEA
    • 7-keto-DHEA
    • 19-norandrosterone
    • 19-noretiocholanolone.

    2. Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:

    • clenbuterol
    • selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs)
    • tibolone
    • zeranol
    • zilpaterol.

    Notes

    For purposes of this section:
    * "exogenous" refers to a substance which is not ordinarily capable of being produced by the body naturally.

    ** "endogenous" refers to a substance which is capable of being produced by the body naturally.

  • S2. Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors and Related Substances

  • The following substances and their releasing factors are prohibited:

    • Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents [e.g. erythropoietin (EPO), darbepoetin (dEPO), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA), peginesatide (Hematide)]
    • Chorionic Gonadotrophin (CG) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in males
    • Corticotrophins
    • Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as well as any other growth factor affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative capacity or fibre type switching
    and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).

  • S3. Beta-2 Agonists

  • All beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers (e.g. d- and l-) where relevant, are prohibited except inhaled salbutamol (maximum 1600 micrograms over 24 hours), inhaled formoterol (maximum delivered dose 54 micrograms over 24 hours) and salmeterol when taken by inhalation in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommended therapeutic regimen.

    The presence in urine of salbutamol in excess of 1000 ng/mL or formoterol in excess of 40 ng/mL is presumed not to be an intended therapeutic use of the substance and will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding unless the Athlete proves, through a controlled pharmacokinetic study, that the abnormal result was the consequence of the use of the therapeutic inhaled dose up to the maximum indicated above.

  • S4. Hormone and Metabolic Modulators

  • The following are prohibited:

    1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to:

    • aminoglutethimide
    • anastrozole
    • androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (androstatrienedione)
    • 4-androstene-3,6,17 trione (6-oxo)
    • exemestane
    • formestane
    • letrozole
    • testolactone.

    2. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) including, but not limited to:

    • raloxifene
    • tamoxifen
    • toremifene.

    3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to:

    • clomiphene
    • cyclofenil
    • fulvestrant.

    4. Agents modifying myostatin function(s) including, but not limited, to:

    • myostatin inhibitors.

    5. Metabolic modulators:

    • Insulins
    • Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ (PPARδ) agonists (e.g. GW 1516), PPARδ-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis agonists (e.g. AICAR)

  • S5. Diuretics and Other Masking Agents

  • Masking agents are prohibited. They include:

    • diuretics
    • desmopressin
    • plasma expanders (e.g. glycerol; intravenous administration of albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol)
    • probenecid
    • and other substances with similar biological effect(s).

    Local administration of felypressin in dental anaesthesia is not prohibited.

    Diuretics include:

    • acetazolamide
    • amiloride
    • bumetanide
    • canrenone
    • chlorthalidone
    • etacrynic acid
    • furosemide
    • indapamide
    • metolazone
    • spironolactone
    • thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide)
    • triamterene
    • and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s) (except drospirenone, pamabrom and topical dorzolamide and brinzolamide, which are not prohibited).
    The use In- and Out-of-Competition, as applicable, of any quantity of a substance subject to threshold limits (i.e. formoterol, salbutamol, cathine, ephedrine, methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine) in conjunction with a diuretic or other masking agent requires the deliverance of a specific Therapeutic Use Exemption for that substance in addition to the one granted for the diuretic or other masking agent.

Substances prohibited in-competition

  • S6. Stimulants

  • All stimulants, including all optical isomers (e.g. d- and l-) where relevant, are prohibited, except imidazole derivatives for topical use and those stimulants included in the 2013 Monitoring Program*.

    Stimulants include:

    a: Non-Specified Stimulants:

    • adrafinil
    • amfepramone
    • amiphenazole
    • amphetamine
    • amphetaminil
    • benfluorex
    • benzphetamine
    • benzylpiperazine
    • bromantan
    • clobenzorex
    • cocaine
    • cropropamide
    • crotetamide
    • dimethylamphetamine
    • etilamphetamine
    • famprofazone
    • fencamine
    • fenetylline
    • fenfluramine
    • fenproporex
    • furfenorex
    • mefenorex
    • mephentermine
    • mesocarb
    • methamphetamine(d-)
    • p-methylamphetamine
    • methylenedioxyamphetamine
    • methylenedioxymethamphetamine
    • modafinil
    • norfenfluramine
    • phendimetrazine
    • phenmetrazine
    • phentermine
    • 4-phenylpiracetam (carphedon)
    • prenylamine
    • prolintane.
    A stimulant not expressly listed in this section is a Specified Substance.

    b: Specified Stimulants (examples):

    • adrenaline**
    • cathine***
    • ephedrine****
    • etamivan
    • etilefrine
    • fenbutrazate
    • fencamfamin
    • heptaminol
    • isometheptene
    • levmetamfetamine
    • meclofenoxate
    • methylephedrine****
    • methylhexaneamine (dimethylpentylamine)
    • methylphenidate
    • nikethamide
    • norfenefrine
    • octopamine
    • oxilofrine (methylsynephrine)
    • parahydroxyamphetamine
    • pemoline
    • pentetrazol
    • phenpromethamine
    • propylhexedrine
    • pseudoephedrine*****
    • selegiline
    • sibutramine
    • strychnine
    • tuaminoheptane
    • and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
    * The following substances included in the 2013 Monitoring Program (bupropion, caffeine, nicotine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradol, synephrine) are not considered as Prohibited Substances. ** Local administration (e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) of Adrenaline or co-administration with local anaesthetic agents is not prohibited. *** Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5 micrograms per milliliter. **** Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter. ***** Pseudoephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 150 micrograms per milliliter.

  • S7. Narcotics

  • The following are prohibited:

    • buprenorphine
    • dextromoramide
    • diamorphine (heroin)
    • fentanyl and its derivatives
    • hydromorphone
    • methadone
    • morphine
    • oxycodone
    • oxymorphone
    • pentazocine
    • pethidine.

  • S8. Cannabinoids

  • Natural (e.g. cannabis, hashish, marijuana) or synthetic delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabimimetics (e.g. “Spice”, JWH018, JWH073, HU-210) are prohibited.

  • S9. Glucocortisteroids

  • All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered by oral, intravenous, intramuscular or rectal routes.

If a Substance or Method is not found, please verify with your Anti-Doping Organization to ensure that this Substance or Method is not prohibited as a related Substance or Method that falls under an existing category.

In accordance with Article 4.2.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code, all Prohibited Substances shall be considered as “Specified Substances” except Substances in classes S1, S2, S4.4, S4.5, S6.a, and Prohibited Methods M1, M2 and M3.

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